Upsc history (cloned) / Chapter 6: Buddhism and Jainism
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How did the rigidity of the Vedic religion contribute to the rise of Buddhism and Jainism?
What specific socio-economic changes in 6th century BCE India created conditions favorable for new religions?
Why did the rising merchant class (Vaishyas) support new religious movements like Buddhism and Jainism?
How did the political context of rising monarchies like Magadha facilitate the growth of Buddhism and Jainism?
What was a key linguistic factor that made the teachings of Buddha and Mahavira more accessible than Vedic teachings?
Which specific social evils of Vedic Brahmanism did Buddhism and Jainism primarily react against?
What term describes the new religious schools like Buddhism and Jainism that emerged in opposition to Vedic orthodoxy?
How did the economic factor of an expensive sacrificial system in Vedic religion create discontent?
In what way did urbanization contribute to the religious changes in 6th century BCE India?
What was the primary intellectual and religious context in India during the 6th century BCE that led to the rise of new movements?
How does the related concept of Syadvada ('Theory of Maybe') qualify statements about truth?
According to Jain metaphysics, what is karma, and how does it relate to the soul (Jiva)?
How does Jainism's principle of Ahimsa extend beyond common interpretations of non-violence?
What was a major practical difference in monastic practice between the Digambara and Svetambara sects?
What were the two main sects that emerged after Mahavira's death, and what was a key doctrinal difference regarding gender?
Which ancient Indian rulers are noted as patrons of Jainism, aiding its spread and establishment?
Despite royal patronage, why did Jainism remain primarily confined to India, and which social community became its strong base?
What is the Jain term for the 24 spiritual teachers or 'ford-makers' believed to have established the religion's path?
Who were the last two Tirthankaras in Jainism, and what is their historical order?
What were the key life events of Vardhamana Mahavira that led to his spiritual leadership?
What are the Triratna, or 'Three Jewels' of Jainism, and what is their collective purpose?
How does the concept of 'Right Conduct' (Samyak Charitra) differ from the 'Five Great Vows' (Pancha Mahavrata) in Jain practice?
What are the Five Great Vows (Pancha Mahavrata) that Jain ascetics must follow?
Explain the Jain philosophical doctrine of Anekantavada and its practical implication for followers.
What major sectarian division resulted from the Second Buddhist Council at Vaishali, and what was the cause?
How does the Buddhist concept of the Eightfold Path relate to the Four Noble Truths?
What is the core problem identified in the First Noble Truth of Buddhism?
What were the Four Great Sights that prompted Siddhartha Gautama to renounce his princely life?
What is the significance of the event Dharmachakrapravartana in Buddhism?
What is the principle of the Middle Path (Madhyama Pratipada) in Buddhist practice?
Explain the Buddhist doctrine of Anatman or 'No-Soul'. How does it differ from Upanishadic thought?
How does Buddhism reconcile the concepts of Karma/Rebirth with the doctrine of No-Soul (Anatman)?
What was the primary outcome of the First Buddhist Council held at Rajgir in 483 BCE?
According to the Second Noble Truth, what is the specific cause of suffering (Dukkha)?
What was the significant doctrinal development associated with the Third Buddhist Council under Ashoka?
How does the Theravada (Hinayana) school's view of the Buddha differ from that of the Mahayana school?
What is the central compassionate ideal in Mahayana Buddhism that distinguishes it from Theravada?
Which two major Indian emperors were key patrons of Buddhism, and what were their primary contributions?
What role did institutions like Nalanda and Vikramshila play in the history of Buddhism?
What is the key chronological and geographical similarity in the origins of Buddhism and Jainism?
How did the social backgrounds of the founders of Buddhism and Jainism compare?
What were the four main elements of the Vedic Brahmanical tradition that both Buddhism and Jainism opposed?
What was the significant linguistic choice made by both Buddhism and Jainism in their early propagation, and why was it important?
How did the emphasis on Ahimsa (non-violence) differ between Jainism and Buddhism?
What core philosophical concepts regarding existence and rebirth did Buddhism and Jainism share?
What was the primary institutional similarity in the way Buddhism and Jainism organized their followers?
What is the fundamental metaphysical difference between Jainism and Buddhism regarding the existence of a soul?
How did the metaphysical approaches of Jainism and Buddhism fundamentally differ?
What was the key difference in the historical spread and reach of Buddhism compared to Jainism?
How did Jainism and Buddhism differ in their explicit attitude towards the authority of the Vedas?
What were the three major forms of art and architecture stimulated by the rise of Buddhism and Jainism in India?
How did Buddhism and Jainism contribute to the development of language and literature in ancient India?
What were the three main social impacts of Buddhism and Jainism on the Brahmanical order?
Name two great centers of learning established as a direct result of the Buddhist and Jain emphasis on education.
What were the four primary factors that led to the weakening of Buddhism and Jainism in India?
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